Tšimolohong lentsoe le ne le le teng, ’me lentsoe le ne le le lerootho.
Ke hobane likhalase tsa mahlo li ne li e-so qaptjoe.Haeba u ne u e-na le pono e haufi, u bona hōle kapa u e-na le astigmatism, u ne u tsoile lehlohonolo.Ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ne e le lerootho.
E bile ho elella bofelong ba lekholo la bo13 la lilemo moo lilense tse lokisang li ileng tsa qaptjoa, e le lintho tse sa tloaelehang, tse sa tloaelehang.Empa batho bao pono ea bona e neng e sa phethahala ba ne ba etsa’ng pele ho moo?
Ba entse e 'ngoe ea lintho tse peli.Ba ile ba inehela ka hore ha ba bone hantle, kapa ba etsa seo batho ba bohlale ba lulang ba se etsa.
Ba ile ba ntlafatsa.
Likhalase tsa pele tse ntlafalitsoeng e ne e le likhalase tsa letsatsi tsa nakoana, tsa mofuta o itseng.Ba-Inuit ba pele ho histori ba ne ba roala manaka a tlou a sephara ka pel'a lifahleho tsa bona ho thibela mahlaseli a letsatsi.
Roma ea boholo-holo, moemphera Nero o ne a tšoara emeralde e bentšitsoeng ka pel’a mahlo a hae e le ho fokotsa khanya ea letsatsi ha a ntse a shebeletse bahlabani ba loana.
Morupeli oa hae, Seneca, o ile a ithorisa ka hore o ne a bala “libuka tsohle tsa Roma” ka sekotlolo se seholo sa khalase se tletseng metsi, se neng se hōlisa khatiso eo.Ha ho tlaleho ea hore na tlhapi ea khauta e kene tseleng.
Ena e ne e le kenyelletso ea lilense tsa khalemelo, tse neng li tsoetse pele, hanyane, Venice hoo e ka bang ka 1000 CE, ha sekotlolo sa Seneca le metsi (mohlomong le tlhapi ea khauta) li ne li nkeloa sebaka ke sebaka se sephara se sephara, se neng se behiloe holim'a 'malo. lintho tse bonahalang, ho fetoha khalase ea pele e holisang le ho nolofalletsa Sherlock Holmes oa Italy ea mehleng ea khale ho bokella lintlha tse ngata ho rarolla litlolo tsa molao.“Majoe ana a ho bala” a ile a boela a lumella baitlami hore ba tsoele pele ho bala, ho ngola le ho khantša libuka tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho ka mor’a hore ba be le lilemo tse 40.
Baahloli ba Machaena ba lekholong la bo12 la lilemo ba ne ba apara mofuta oa likhalase tsa letsatsi, tse entsoeng ka likristale tsa quartz tse kubellang mosi, tse behiloeng ka pel’a lifahleho tsa bona e le hore lipolelo tsa bona li se ke tsa lemohuoa ke lipaki tseo ba neng ba li hloma lipotso, e leng se ileng sa fana ka leshano ho maikutlo a “sa hlakang”.Le hoja litlaleho tse ling tsa leeto la Marco Polo la ho ea Chaena lilemo tse 100 hamorao li bolela hore o ile a re o ile a bona maqheku a Machaena a roetse likhalase tsa mahlo, litlaleho tsena li ’nile tsa nyatsuoa e le mashano, kaha ba ileng ba hlahlobisisa libuka tsa Marco Polo ha baa ka ba fumana moo ho buuoang ka likhalase tsa mahlo.
Le hoja letsatsi le tobileng le hanyetsanoa, ka kakaretso ho lumellanoa ka hore likhalase tsa pele tsa likhalase tsa mahlo li qapiloe Italy nako e pakeng tsa 1268 le 1300. Ana e ne e le majoe a mabeli a ho bala (likhalase tse holisang) tse hokahaneng le hinge e leka-lekaneng borokhong. nko.
Lipapiso tsa pele tsa motho ea apereng likhalase tsa mofuta ona li letotong la litšoantšo tse takiloeng tsa bohareng ba lekholo la bo14 la lilemo tsa Tommaso da Modena, ea neng a bontša baitlami ba neng ba sebelisa li-monocles ’me a roetse likhalase tsena tsa pele tsa li-pince-nez (Sefora bakeng sa “pinch nose”) tseo a lokelang ho li bala. le ho kopitsa libuka tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho.
Ho tloha Italy, tlhahiso ena e ncha e ile ea hlahisoa linaheng tsa "Low" kapa "Benelux" (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg), Jeremane, Spain, Fora le Engelane.Likhalase tsena kaofela e ne e le lilense tse khathollang tse neng li hōlisa mongolo le lintho.E ne e le Engelane moo baetsi ba likhalase tsa mahlo ba ileng ba qala ho phatlalatsa likhalase tsa ho bala e le thuso ho ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 40. Ka 1629 ho ile ha thehoa Mokhatlo oa Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers, o nang le lepetjo lena: “Tlhohonolofatso ho ba tsofetseng”.
Tlhōlo ea bohlokoa e ile ea etsahala mathoasong a lekholo la bo16 la lilemo, ha ho ne ho etsoa lilense tse tšekaletseng bakeng sa Mopapa Leo X ea bonang haufi.Leha ho le joalo, mefuta ena ea pele ea likhalase tsa mahlo e tlile le bothata bo boholo - e ne e ke ke ea lula sefahlehong sa hau.
Kahoo bahlahisi ba likhalase tsa mahlo tsa Masepanishe ba ne ba fasa lilense tsa silika lilenseng ebe ba kenya likhoele litsebeng tsa ea e roetseng.Ha likhalase tsena li ne li hlahisoa Chaena ke baromuoa ba Masepanishe le Mataliana, Machaena a ile a lahla khopolo ea ho thiba liribone litsebeng.Ba ne ba fasa litšepe tse nyenyane qetellong ea liribone ho etsa hore li lule tsebeng.Joale ngaka ea mahlo ea London, Edward Scarlett, ka 1730 e ile ea etsa selelekela sa matsoho a tempele ea mehleng ea kajeno, lithupa tse peli tse thata tse khomaretsoeng lilenseng ’me li lutse ka holim’a litsebe.Lilemo tse mashome a mabeli a metso e 'meli hamorao moetsi oa likhalase tsa mahlo James Ayscough o ile a hloekisa matsoho a tempele, a eketsa lihokelo ho li nolofalletsa ho phutha.O ile a boela a taka lilense tsa hae kaofela ka botala kapa boputsoa, eseng ho li etsa likhalase tsa letsatsi, empa hobane a ne a nahana hore masela ana a boetse a thusa ho ntlafatsa pono.
Boqapi bo boholo bo latelang ba likhalase tsa mahlo bo tlile ka ho qaptjoa ha bifocal.Leha mehloli e mengata e lula e lumela ho qaptjoa ha bifocals ho Benjamin Franklin, bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-1780, sengoloa se fumanehang webosaeteng ea College of Optometrists se botsa taba ena ka ho hlahloba bopaki bohle bo teng.E etsa qeto ea hore ho na le monyetla oa hore li-bifocal li qapiloe Engelane ka bo-1760, le hore Franklin o ile a li bona moo 'me a iketsetsa para.
Taba ea ho qaptjoa ha li-bifocals ho Franklin hangata e bakoa ke ngollano ea hae le motsoalle,George Whatley.Lengolong le leng, Franklin o itlhalosa e le “ea thabileng ka lebaka la ho qaptjoa ha libono tse habeli, tse sebeletsang lintho tse hōle hammoho le tse haufi, li etsang hore mahlo a ka a be le thuso ho ’na ho feta leha e le neng pele.”
Leha ho le joalo, ha ho mohla Franklin a reng ke eena ea li qapileng.Whatley, mohlomong a susumelitsoe ke tsebo ea hae le kananelo ea hae ea Franklin e le moqapi ea tsoetseng pele, karabong ea hae o hlalosa ho qaptjoa ha bifocals ho motsoalle oa hae.Ba bang ba ile ba nka le ho matha le sena ho fihlela joale ho amoheloa ka tloaelo hore Franklin o ile a qapa bifocals.Haeba mang kapa mang e ne e le moqapi oa sebele, taba ena e lahlehile ho ea ka lilemo.
Letsatsi le latelang la bohlokoa historing ea likhalase tsa mahlo ke 1825, ha setsebi sa linaleli sa Lenyesemane George Airy a theha lilense tsa cylindrical tsa concave tse ileng tsa lokisa astigmatism ea hae e haufi le pono.Trifocals e ile ea latela ka potlako, ka 1827. Liketsahalo tse ling tse ileng tsa etsahala qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 kapa mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo e ne e le monocle, e ileng ea etsoa e sa shoeng ke setho sa Eustace Tilley, eo ho The New Yorker seo Alfred E. Neuman a leng sona ho Mad Magazine, le The New Yorker. lorgnette, likhalase tsa mahlo holim'a thupa e tla fetola mang kapa mang ea li apereng ho ba dowager hang-hang.
Likhalase tsa Pince-nez, u tla hopola, li ile tsa hlahisoa bohareng ba lekholo la bo14 la lilemo liphetolelong tseo tsa pele tse neng li le linkong tsa baitlami.Ba ile ba khutla lilemo tse 500 hamorao, ba tumme ke batho ba kang Teddy Roosevelt, eo machismo ea hae "ea mahlahahlaha le a itokisitseng" a ileng a nyatsa setšoantšo sa likhalase feela bakeng sa likhaitseli tsa hae.
Leha ho le joalo, mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, likhalase tsa pince-nez li ile tsa nkeloa sebaka ke botumo ka likhalase tse roaloang ke, emela, likhalala tsa lifilimi, ehlile.Naleli ea filimi e khutsitseng, Harold Lloyd, eo u mo boneng a leketla setulong se phahameng a ntse a tšoere matsoho a oache e khōlō, o ne a roetse likhalase tse chitja tsa makhapetla a likhudu, tse ileng tsa fetoha khalefo, karolo e ’ngoe e le hobane a ile a khutlisetsa matsoho a tempele foreiming.
Li-bifocals tse kopantsoeng, tse ntlafatsang moralo oa mokhoa oa Franklin ka ho kopanya lilense tsa sebaka-le haufi le pono hammoho, li ile tsa hlahisoa ka 1908. Likhalase tsa letsatsi li ile tsa tuma ka bo-1930, karolo e 'ngoe e le hobane filthara ea ho arola khanya ea letsatsi e ile ea qaptjoa ka 1929, e nolofalletsang likhalase tsa letsatsi hore li khone ho sebetsa. monya khanya ea ultraviolet le infrared.Lebaka le leng la ho tuma ha likhalase tsa letsatsi ke hobane libapali tse khahlehang tsa libaesekopo li ile tsa nkoa lifoto li li apere.
Tlhokahalo ea ho ikamahanya le likhalase tsa letsatsi bakeng sa litlhoko tsa bakhanni ba lifofane tsa Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e ile ea lebisa ho ratoasetaele sa sefofane sa likhalase tsa letsatsi.Tsoelo-pele ea lipolasetiki e ile ea etsa hore liforeimi li etsoe ka mebala e sa tšoaneng, ’me mokhoa o mocha oa likhalase tsa basali, o bitsoang cat-eye ka lebaka la mathōko a nchocho a foreime, o ile oa fetola likhalase tsa mahlo hore e be feshene ea basali.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litaele tsa likhalase tsa mahlo tsa banna lilemong tsa bo-1940 le bo-'50s li ne li atisa ho ba liforeimi tsa terata tse chitja tsa khauta tse thata, empa ntle le mekhelo, joalo ka setaele sa Buddy Holly's square, le likhetla tsa tortoiseshell tsa James Dean.
Hammoho le mokhoa oa feshene oa likhalase tsa mahlo li ne li ntse li fetoha, tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea lense e ile ea tlisa lilense tse tsoelang pele (no-line multifocal glasses) sechabeng ka 1959. Hoo e ka bang lilense tsohle tsa mahlo li se li entsoe ka polasetiki, e bobebe ho feta likhalase 'me e robeha ka mokhoa o hloekileng ho e-na le ho pshatla. ka likotoana.
Lilense tsa polasetiki tsa photochromic, tse fetohang lefifi ka har'a khanya ea letsatsi 'me li hlake hape letsatsing, li qalile ho fumaneha ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1960.Ka nako eo li ne li bitsoa "photo grey", hobane ona e ne e le oona feela 'mala oo ba tlileng ka oona. Lilense tse bohlooho tsa lifoto li ne li fumaneha ka khalase feela, empa lilemong tsa bo-1990 li ile tsa fumaneha ka polasetiki, 'me lekholong la bo21 la lilemo li se li fumaneha mefuta e fapaneng ya mebala.
Metaele ea likhalase tsa mahlo e fela e tsamaea, 'me joalokaha ho tloaelehile fesheneng, ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea khale e qetella e le ncha hape.Mohlala oa taba: Likhalase tse khabisitsoeng ka khauta le tse se nang mapheo li ne li tumme.Hona joale ha ho joalo.Likhalase tse kholo, tse kholo tse entsoeng ka terata li ile tsa ratoa ka bo-1970.Hona joale ha ho joalo.Hona joale, likhalase tsa retro tseo lilemong tse 40 tse fetileng li neng li sa ratoe, tse kang li-square, horn-rim le likhalase tsa brow-line, li laola rack ea optical.
Nako ea poso: Mar-14-2023